periodontics

• periodontics

1)Characteristic Odors and Smells in Halitosis and their Causes

• Halitosis or Bad breath is a common problem faced by every other person on this planet, the causes or etiology of this condition can be numerous so to point out one such cause to treat it becomes very difficult.
• So to treat Bad breath we need to consider many factors General Health, Oral hygiene, type of food taken, timings at which food is taken
• Lets see the various Characteristic smells and their causes:
• Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S)- Rotten eggs
• Methyl mercaptan (CH3 SH)- Faeces
• Skatole – Faeces
• Cadaverine – Corpses (cadaver)
• Dimethyl sulphide (CH3)2S - Rotten cabbage
• Putrescine – Decaying meat
• Indole – Small quantity in perfumes, smelly in large amounts Isovaleric acid – Sweaty feet

 

• What are Dental Implants?
• What are Dental Implants?
• Dental implant is a synthetic tooth which retained by titanium root that is surgically placed (under local anaesthesia) in to the jaw bone.
• 
• Why increase need of dental implants?
• 
• Aging population living longer
• Tooth loss related to age
• Fixed denture failure
• Unwanted outcomes of tooth extractions
• Poor performances of removable dentures
• Bad effects of removable dentures
• Psychological aspects
• Advantages of dental implants

 

 

 

 

How success is the dental implant treatments?

• Success rate depends on
• o Operator skills
• o Quality and quantity of bone available
• o Patients oral hygiene
• o Quality of the implant and equipment
• If all goes fine it has a success rate around 95%
• 
• Can I get an implant to fill a gap between teeth?
• Yes, if you have
• Enough jaw bone remaining in jaws (there are some instances where bone grafts can be done)
• Bone that have enough strength to hold the implant for its function
• Good health in natural teeth near where the implant will be placed
• Good general health condition to undergo surgical procedure.
• You can’t get a implant done if you,
• For lower jaw implant, insufficient jaw bone above the mandibular canal (inferior alveolar canal) or mental foramen.

1. Systemic diseases such as

• · Uncontrolled type II diabetes
• · Pituitary & Adrenal Insufficiency
• · Hypothyroidism
• · granulomatous diseases ( Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis)
• · cardiovascular diseases (angina, marked aortic insufficiency, Aortic Aneurysms)
• · bone diseases (Paget’s Disease, Fibrous Dysplasia)
• · uncontrolled haematological disorders (anaemia’s ,haemophilias)
• Patients who take intravenous bisphosphonatas (can cause osteonecrosis)
• Patients who have a habit of tooth clenching or grinding
• Regular smoking is a definite contraindication

1. What the dental implants do?

• 1. Replace one or more extracted or missing teeth
• 2. Implant supported dentures
• 3. Supporting component for bridges
• 

1. What are the causes for bleeding gums ?

• 
• presence or absence of gum/ gingival bleeding as an indication of gingival health. before talking about the treatment first we should know the causes for gum bleeding.
• Gum bleeding can occur acutely or could have been there for a long period of time (Chronic). Sites that bleed on brushing have a greater area of inflamed connective tissue. Poor oral hygiene is the most common cause of gingival bleeding.
• What could be the reasons to have Acute gum Bleeding?
• 
• Bleeding gums/ gingiva
• Acute episodes of gingival bleeding are caused by injury or occur spontaneously in acute gingival disease.
• Laceration of the gingiva by toothbrush bristles during aggressive tooth brushing or by sharp pieces of hard food can cause gingival bleeding even in the absence of gingival disease.
• 
• aggressive tooth brushing
• Gingival burns from hot foods or chemicals increase the ease of gingival bleeding.
• Spontaneous bleeding or bleeding on slight provocation can occur in diseases like acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. In this condition, engorged blood vessels in the inflamed connective tissue are exposed by ulceration of the necrotic surface epithelium.
• Chronic( long term )Recurrent Bleeding?
• The most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on brushing is gum disease (chronic inflammation). You may experience bleeding which is chronic or recurrent and is provoked by mechanical trauma (e.g., from tooth brushing, toothpicks, or food impaction) or by biting into solid foods such as apples. Sites that bleed have a greater area of inflamed connective tissue
• The severity of gum bleeding is increased during pregnancy beginning in the second or third month. oestregon or progesterone hormones which are high in pregnancy can substitute for menadione (vitamin K) as an essential growth factor for gum disease causing organisms.
• 
• Pregnancy gingivitis

1. Do Systemic disorders cause gum bleeding?

• In some systemic disorders, gingival haemorrhage occurs spontaneously or after irritation and is excessive and difficult to control. These haemorrhagic diseases represent a wide variety of conditions that vary in etiologic factors and clinical manifestations. Such conditions have the common feature of a haemostatic mechanism failure and result in abnormal bleeding in the skin, internal organs, and other tissues, including the oral mucosa.
• The tendency to excessive bleeding may be due to failure of one or more of the hemostatic mechanisms.
• 
• Drug induced gingivities
• Haemorrhagic disorders in which abnormal gingival bleeding is encountered include vascular abnormalities (vitamin C deficiency or allergy such as Schonlein-Henoch purpura), platelet disorders (thrombocytopenic purpura), hypoprothrombinemia (vitamin K deficiency), other coagulation defects (haemophilia, leukaemia, Christmas disease), deficient platelet thromboplastic factor (PF3) resulting from uremia,21 multiple myeloma, and postrubella purpura.
• 
• Gum Bleeding may follow the administration of excessive amounts of drug s such as salicylates and the administration of anticoagulants such as dicumarol and heparin.